Consistency between nasopharyngeal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pathogen detection in children with pneumonia: an analysis of 533 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the consistency between nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in pathogen detection in children with pneumonia@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of pathogens detected in 533 children with pneumonia from February 2017 to March 2020. The paired McNemar's test was used to compare the difference in pathogen detection between NPA and BALF groups. The @*RESULTS@#NPA had a sensitivity of 28%, a specificity of 74%, a positive predictive value of 14%, and a negative predictive value of 91% in detecting bacteria, and a @*CONCLUSIONS@#There is poor consistency between NPA and BALF in the detection of bacteria and viruses, and clinicians should be cautious in diagnosing lower respiratory tract infection based on bacteria or viruses detected in NPA. There is moderate consistency between NPA and BALF in the detection of

Comparison of establishment of bronchiolitis obliterans murine model by oropharyngeal aspiration and intratracheal instillation of diacetyl / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To compare the different methods of administration of diacetyl (DA)-established bronchiolitis obliterans (BO)murine model so as to establish a simple,easy-to-operate and stable BO murine model. Methods SPF grade C57BL/6 male mice (6 to 8 weeks)were randomly divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group:oropharyngeal aspiration group (OPR),intratracheal instillation group (ITI),and control groups (OPR-CON and ITI-CON).OPR group was treated with DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/kg)by oropharyngeal aspiration;ITI group received DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/mL)through intratracheal instillation;OPR-CON group and ITI-CON group were treated with sterilized distilled water instead of DA,while the other experimental conditions were the same as those in OPR and ITI groups.The mice were kept in SPF-class animal center for 7 d to collect specimens. Collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)and the left lung were examined pathologically.Results Male C57 BL/6 mice were treated with a single dose of DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/kg)by OPR or ITI,which could establish BO model.The successful model was evaluated by pulmonary function,BALF counts and pathological examination. Airway hyperresponsiveness occurred with the two-method resulted BO.And two methods of instilling DA resulted in airway injury,lumen occlusion,infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway and around the vessels.The mortality rate of mice was up to 60% and the success of model construction was only 20% in BO model by oropharyngeal aspiration of DA,while that in ITI group mortality was only 30%,the success of model construction was up to 60%.There was no death in control groups.Conclusion BO murine model could be successfully established by OPR or ITI of DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/mL).However,the BO model was established well by ITI of DA with lower mortality rate.Therefore,ITI of DA-established BO murine model is recommended for use.

The Clinical Audiological Characteristics of Infants with Human Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the audiology characteristics of infants with human cytomegalovirus (HMCV) pneumonia.Methods Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and acoustic impedance test were carried on the following three groups respectively.The CMV(+) group had 115 infants who have been diagnosed with CMV pneumonia.CMV(-) group had 115 infants with pneumonia but did not have CMV infection.The control Group had 115 healthy children during the same period.A comprehensive evaluation of audiological characteristics and follow-up of hearing changes were studied.Results ①The CMV(+) group had 50 ears (21.74％),the CMV(-) group had 34 ears (14.78％),and the healthy group had 17 ears 7.39％ in ABR V wave threshold over 30 dB nHL.②The CMV(+) group had the highest rate of sens0rineural hearing loss(SNHL) compared with the CMV(-) and health control groups.③The percentages of the abnormal conductive hearing loss(CHL) in the CMV(+) group and CMV(-) group were higher than the health control group while there was no obvious difference between the CMV(+) and the CMV(-) groups.④During a 3-year follow-up,3 infants in the CMV(+)group who suffered SHL recovered while all the infants suffered CHL recovered in hearing.Conclusion Infants with CMV pneumonia have a higher rate of SHL,and pneumonia is likely to cause dysfunction of the middle ear,which might lead to CHL.We need to test infants with CMV pneumonia through thorough clinical audiology examinations and a long-term follow-up.

The interventional therapy of airway dysplasia via bronchoscopy / 国际儿科学杂志

Bronchoscopy is an indispensable method to diagnose and treat children with respiratory dis-ease treatment,it′s the foundation of pediatric interventional pulmonary procedures. Because of the widely use and the steady accumulation of clinical experience,the value has been consistently affirmative. This review de-scribes the interventional therapy of airway dysplasia via bronchoscopy.

Case Analysis of Budesonide Suspension Combined with Fiber Bronchoscope for Influenza A(H1N1/H3N2) Infection Complicated with Plastic Bronchitis in Children / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the pathological characteristics and therapy method for influenza A(H1N1/H3N2)in-fection complicated with plastic bronchitis (PB). METHODS:Clinical information of 3 children with influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) infection complicated with PB were reported to summarize the experience of aerosol inhalation of Budesonide suspen-sion combined with fiber bronchoscope lavage. Based on literatures,this rare disease were analyzed. RESULTS:Among 3 chil-dren,2 children suffered from influenza A H1N1 infection and one child influenza A H3N2 infection complicated with PB;2 of them got basic disease,i.e. bronchial asthma and primary renal syndrome. 3 children were diagnosed as severe pneumonia,re-spiratory failure and pulmonary atelectasis;2 of them suffered from mediastinal emphesema and subcutaneous emphysema. The branchlike foreign bodies,removed by fiber bronchoscope,were fibrin complicated with neutrophile granulocyte,eosinophile granulocyte and leukomonocyte infiltration by pathological examinations. It was diagnosed as PB. 3 children received symptom-atic support treatment as assisted respiration,respiratory tract management and anti-infective treatment,and aerosol inhalation of Budesonide suspension combined with fiber bronchoscope lavage. And then they were cured and discharged from the hospi-tal. CONCLUSIONS:PB is one complication of influenza A pneumonia and severe. Fiber bronchoscope must be carried out as soon as possible based on aerosol inhalation of Budesonide suspension once PB is suspected,so as to diagnose early and treat promptly.

Expression and Significance of Endothelin-1 and von Willebrand Factor in Pulmonary Vascular of Pulmonary Hypertension with Ventricular Septal Defect / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the immunostaining of endothelin-1(ET-1) and von Willebrand factor(vWF) in pulmonary vascular of ventricular septal defect(VSD) with pulmonary hypertension(PH),and the possible roles of ET-1 and vWF in the development of PH and remodeling in pulmonary artery.Methods VSD with non-PH were choosed as control group,20 cases with VSD with PH were divided into Ⅰgroup and Ⅱgroup according to mean pulmonary artery pressure. The specimens from middle lobe of right lung was obtained and stained by immunohistochemical technique.The degree of immunoreaction was measured with light density.Results The light density of ET-1 and vWF in small pulmonary arteries had significant statistical difference between every group,and Ⅱgroup was higher than those of Ⅰgroup,but no difference in small pulmonary veins.In every group,the light density of ET-1 and vWF had significant difference between small pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins.There were statistical correlation among mean pulmonary pressure,VSD/A,ET-1 and vWF.Conclusions ET-1 and vWF are concerned with the development of PH and mediate pulmonary vascular remodeling.The data of small pulmonary veins suggest that the main origin of ET-1 in pulmonary tissue is small pulmonary artery.

Detection of large intragenic mismatch repair genes deletions in Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer families with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To gain an insight into the large intragenic hMSH2 and hMLH1 deletions in Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The large intragenic hMSH2 and hMLH1 deletions in 17 probands of HNPCC families were detected with multiplex ligation-dependent probe Three large intragenic hMSH2 deletions of examplification (MLPA) and GeneMapper techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>on 8, exon 1-6, and exon 1-7 were found in three families respectively, and no hMLH1 deletion was found. The deletions accounted for 19% of the total hMSH2 and hMLHI germline pathogenic mutations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of large intragenic mismatch repair (MMR) genes deletions is relatively higher in Chinese families, and hMSH2 deletions may be more common. It is necessary to detect the large intragenic MMR genes deletions in the molecular detection of HNPCC.</p>